Zoom
Join us via Zoom
We are an international weekly online seminar for students and experts in the philosophy and history of physics. We meet each Monday from 13:00-14:30 (UK time) when there is not a Sigma Club meeting. The format is discussion-based: bring your questions and comments on the reading, or just listen on the discussion! Please contact the organisers if you would like to attend: Jeremy Butterfield (jb56@cam.ac.uk), Bryan W. Roberts (b.w.roberts@lse.ac.uk), and Dominic Ryder (d.ryder@lse.ac.uk).
Upcoming
This term we will be discussing thermodynamics, black holes, and black hole thermodynamics. After getting off the ground with an article on thermodynamics, we spend some weeks thinking about the justification for treating black holes as thermodynamic objects. We then move on to some papers covering issues in quantum field theory on curved spacetimes including the breakdown of predictability due to black hole evaporation, the trans-Planckian problem and the Unruh effect.
| Wk | Date | Topic | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 Oct 2023, 13:00-14:30 BST | Uffink on the 2nd Law of Thermodyanmics | Jos Uffink (2001, sections 1-6) Bluff Your Way in the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Optional Reading: The rest of Uffink (2001)! |
| 2 | 30 Oct 2023, 13:00-14:30 GMT | Analogy between Black Hole Mechanics and Thermodyanmics | Dougherty and Callender (2016) Black hole thermodynamics: More than an analogy? Optional Reading: Hawking (1974) Black Hole Explosions? |
| 3 | 06 Nov 2023, 13:00-14:30 GMT | Wallace on Black Hole Thermodynamics | Wallace (2018) The case for black hole thermodyanmics, Part I: phenomenological thermodynamics. Optional Reading: Hawking (1975) Particle creation by black holes |
| 4 | 13 Nov 2023, 13:00-14:30 GMT | Breakdown of Predictability due to Evaporation | Hawking (1976) Breakdown of predictability in gravitational collapse. Optional Reading: Wald (1975) On particle creation by black holes; Landsman (2021, section 10.12) Foundations of General Relativity (Radboud University Press) |
| 5 | 20 Nov 2023, 13:00-14:30 GMT | The Trans-Planckian Problem | Gryb, Palacios and Thebault (2021) On the universality of Hawking radiation. Optional Reading: Fredenhagen and Haag (1990) On the derivation of Hawking radiation associated with the formation of a black hole. |
| 6 | 27 Nov 2023, 13:00-14:30 GMT | Earman on the Unruh Effect | Earman (2011) The Unruh Effect for Philosophers |
| 7 | 04 Dec 2023, 13:00-14:30 GMT | A new idealisation paradox for black holes? | Dominic Ryder, "The idealisation paradox in Hawking radiation", circulated by email |
| 8 | 11 Dec 2023, 13:00-14:30 GMT | TBD | TBD |
Past Seminars
We will again begin this term with the delight of a book chapter manuscript by Erik Curiel on black hole thermodynamics, and then continue into the foundations of thermal and statistical physics.
| Wk | Date | Topic | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13 Feb 2023, 15:00-16:30 GMT | Curiel on Hawking | Erik Curiel, "A Primer on the Hawking Effect", Harvard Black Hole Initiative, Special Zoom Link Here. Ordinary bootcamp will not take place this week so that we can attend Erik's lecture, as a primer also for reading his book manuscript. |
| 2 | 27 Mar 2023, 15:00-16:30 GMT | Curiel on Entropy | Erik Curiel, "Energy, Entropy and the Intimate Relations between the Two in Semi-Classical Gravity", Harvard Black Hole Initiative, Special Zoom Link Here. Ordinary bootcamp will not take place this week so that we can attend Erik's lecture, as a primer also for reading his book manuscript, next week! |
| 3 | 06 Mar 2023, 14:00-15:30 | Sigma Club | Tushar Menon Sigma Club lecture, More Information and Zoom Link: "Inferential Scientific Realism". Abstract: In this talk, following the Sellars-Brandom tradition, I argue that the semantic order of explanation should be reversed: a scientific expression gets its meaning via the inferences in which it is caught up.... |
| 4 | 27 Mar 2023, 15:00-16:30 | Black hole thermodynamics | Curiel chapter, "The Hawking Effect", from his book manuscript |
This term we will begin a book manuscript by Erik Curiel on black hole thermodynamics, and read Sam Fletcher's new manuscript on the philosophy of general relativity for the Cambridge Elements series, as well as a final installment of Jeremy's book on the Multiverse.
| Wk | Date | Topic | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 03 Oct 2022, 13:30-15:00 | Representation in General Relativity | Fletcher Foundations of General Relativity Manuscript, Chapters 1-2 ONLY |
| 2 | 10 Oct 2022, 13:30-15:00 | Ontology in General Relativity | Fletcher Foundations of General Relativity Manuscript, Chapters 3 and 5 |
| 3 | 14 Nov 2022, 13:30-15:00 | Semiclassical gravity and black hole thermodynamics | Erik Curiel's SEP article, Singularities and Black Holes, Sections 3, 5 and 6 only. Optional related Curiel video lectures, "A Primer on Black Hole Thermodynamics and the Hawking Effect", Part I and Part II (with slides here). |
| 4 | 21 Nov 2022, 13:30-15:00 | Semiclassical gravity and black hole thermodynamics | Curiel, "Black Holes as Thermodynamical Systems: The Central Problem", Chapter VI of his forthcoming book, Simulacra, Saturnalia, and Wild Extrapolation: Black Hole Thermodynamics and Semi-Classical Gravity As a Way of Life. |
| 5 | 05 Dec 2022, 13:30-15:00 | Foundations of GR | Foundations of General Relativity Manuscript, Chapter 6 |
| 6 | 12 Dec 2022, 13:30-15:00 | Foundations of GR | Curiel Chapter, "Chapter 12, 'The cogency of semi-classical gravity'. Optional related video lecture, "On the Cogency of Quantum Field Theory on Curved Spacetime and Semi-Classical Gravity". |
This term we read Jeremy Butterfield's book manuscript on the multiverse, and also embarked on some further remarkable adventures in the quantum measurement problem..
| Wk | Date | Topic | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 05 Apr 2022 | Introduction to the multiverse | Butterfield Chapter 1 "Introduction" and Chapter 2 "Physics and Philosophy from 1600 to 1900" |
| 2 | 19 Apr 2022 | Logically possible worlds | Butterfield Chapter 3 "All the logically possible worlds" |
| 3 | 03 May 2022 | The Everettian multiverse | Butterfield Chapter 4, "All the worlds encoded in the quantum state of the cosmos" |
| 4 | 10 May 2022 | The Deutsch-Wallace Approach | Dawid and Thébault (2015), 'Many worlds: decoherent or incoherent?' Optional ancillary reading: Dawid and Thébault (2014), 'Against the empirical viability of the Deutsch–Wallace–Everett approach to quantum mechanics'. The approach that these papers critique is presented in detail by Wallace (2012), especially Sections 4.8-4.12 (with proofs of the decision-theoretic results appearing in Appendix C). |
| 5 | 17 May 2022 | The Cosmological Multiverse | Butterfield Chapter 5 |
| 6 | 24 May 2022 | Bohemian Mechanics and Determinism | Landsman (manuscript) Bohmian mechanics is not deterministic. Optional ancillary reading: Valentini (2020) Foundations of statistical mechanics and the status of the Born rule in de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave theory |
| 7 | 31 May 2022 | Everett and Branch Counting | Saunders (2021) Branch counting in the Everett Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics |
| 8 | 07 June 2022 | Probabilities in Quantum Mechanics | Myrvold (2021) Beyond Chance and Credence: A Theory of Hybrid Probabilities, Chapter 9: Probabilities in Quantum Mechanics |
| 9 | 14 June 2022 | Psi-Ontic and Psi-Epistemic Models | Luc (manuscript) States vs. changes of states: A reformulation of the ontic vs. epistemic distinction in quantum mechanics (9 April draft) |
This term continued our discussion of the hole argument.
| Wk | Date | Topic | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 25 Jan 2022 | On the mathematics and metaphysics of the hole | Pooley and Read (2021), "On the mathematics and metaphysics of the hole argument" |
| 2 | 1 Feb 2022 | General remarks and morals on symmetries | Gomes (2022), Chapter 1 ONLY of Why gauge? Conceptual Aspects of Gauge theories (Cambridge PhD Thesis, 21 Dec 2021 version) |
| 3 | 8 Feb 2022 | The hole argument: Same diff? | Gomes (2022), Chapter 2 ONLY (skipping 2.3) of Why gauge? Conceptual Aspects of Gauge theories (Cambridge PhD Thesis, 21 Dec 2021 version) |
| 4 | 15 Feb 2022 | Some philosophical implications of the hole | Stachel (2014), "The Hole Argument and Some Physical and Philosophical Implications" (Springer Open Access) |
| 5 | 22 Feb 2022 | What hole? | Halvorson and Manchak (forthcoming), What hole argument? |
| 6 | 01 Mar 2022 | Again: what hole? | Halvorson and Manchak (forthcoming) What hole argument? - Further discussion. |
| 7 | 08 Mar 2022 | On the well-posedness of the substantivalist question | Erik Curiel, On the existence of spacetime structure |
| 8 | 15 Mar 2022 | Jacobs and Cudek - Two new arguments on the hole | Circulated via email - Ask Jeremy or Bryan if you don't receive it! |
| 9 | 22 Mar 2022 | Reopening the hole argument | Landsman, Reopening the Hole Argument manuscript, regarding David Hilbert's formulation of the hole argument. |
This term in philosophy of physics bootcamp, we faced the storied hole argument.
| Wk | Date | Topic | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 Oct 2021 | The Hole Story | Norton and Earman (1987) "What price spacetime substantivalism? The hole story", together with Norton (2019) "The hole argument", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. |
| 2 | 19 Oct 2021 | Substantivalism and Relationism | Pooley (2012) "Substantivalist and relationist approaches to spacetime" |
| 3 | 26 Oct 2021 | The Hole Truth | Butterfield (1989) "The hole truth". Optional further reading: Butterfield (1987) "Substantivalism and determinism", and Brighouse (1994) "Spacetime and holes" |
| 4 | 02 Nov 2021 | Regarding the hole argument | Weatherall (2017) "Regarding 'the hole argument" and Roberts Regarding 'Leibniz equivalence' |
| 5 | 09 Nov 2021 | Prehistory of the hole argument | Weatherall (2020) "Some philosophical prehistory of the hole argument". Optional further reading: Stein (1975) "Some philosophical prehistory of general relativity" |
| 6 | 16 Nov 2021 | New work for counterpart theorists | Belot (1995) "New Work for Counterpart theorists: Determinism" and Melia (1999) "Holes, haecceitism and two conceptions of determinism". Optional further reading: Belot (1995) "Determinism and ontology" |
| 7 | 23 Nov 2021 | When and where things happen | Belot (2018) "50 million Elvis fans can't be wrong" Optional ancillary reading: Fletcher (2021) "On representational capacities, with an application to general relativity" |
| 8 | 30 Nov 2021 | Physical equivalence and symmetry-related models | Joanna Luc (Forthcoming, Synthese), "Arguments from scientific practice in the debate about the physical equivalence of symmetry-related models" Come back next term: we plan to do a few more meetings on the hole argument, before turning to our next topic! |
This seminar dealt with geometric techniques and with symmetry in the philosophy of physics, in both Hamiltonian (symplectic) mechanics and in its (2n+1f)-dimensional cousin contact geometry.
| Wk | Date | Topic | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13 Apr 2021 | Units and physical dimension | Carlos Zapata Carratala, "Dimensioned algebra" (esp. Section 2). This work asks: "How do we rigorously implement physical dimension into current mathematical theories of physics?" Optional further background reading: Jacobi Geometry and Hamiltonian Mechanics: the Unit-Free Approach (especially Sections 1, 4 and 5), and also: Dimensioned Algebra and Geometry. |
| 2 | 20 Apr 2021 | Spacetime State Realism | Swanson (2020) How to be a relativistic spacetime state realist" (Optional related readings: Wallace and Timpson (2010) and Wallace (2006) "In Defence of Naiveté" and Wallace and Timpson (2010) Quantum Mechanics on Spacetime, I: Spacetime State Realism") |
| 3 | 27 Apr 2021 | BREAK | We'll be back next week for more philosophy of physics! In the meantime, try this reminder of our place in the universe: Zoom Out |
| 4 | 04 May 2021 | Direct Empirical Significance of symmetries | NEW TIME: 4:45pm BST Gomes (manuscript) Holism as the empirical significance of symmetries |
| 5 | 11 May 2021 | Black Holes | Landsman, Chapter 10, "Black Holes", from book manuscript (Optional further materials: Chapter 9, "Black Holes I: Exact Solutions" and Updated Bibliography) |
| 6 | 18 May 2021 | Thermodynamic Mixing | James Wills, "Homogeneity and ientity in thermodynamics" (manuscript) |
| 7 | 25 May 2021 | Analogue Black Holes | Grace Field, "The latest frontier in analogue gravity: new roles for analogue experiments" (manuscript) |
| 8 | 01 Jun 2021 | DISanalogies between black holes and acoustics | Curiel, "Dumb Hole Disanalogies" (2-page manuscript) |
| 9 | 08 Jun 2021 | The Aharanov-Bohm Effect | Ruward Mulder, "Gauge‐Underdetermination and Shades of Locality in the Aharonov–Bohm Effect" |
| 10 | 15 Jun 2021 | Gauge | Caspar Jacobs, "Case Study on Gauge Quantities" |
In the first five weeks of this seminar we finished the book manuscript of Bryan Roberts, Reversing the Arrow of Time, following our reading of the first three chapters in Michaelmas Term, mixed in with some influential recent articles on symmetry and on the nature of the CPT transformation.
| Wk | Date | Topic | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 19 Jan 2021 | Philosophy of time symmetry | Roberts, Chapter 4 |
| 2 | 26 Jan 2021 | Symmetries and reference | Dewar (2019) 'The role of symmetry in the interpretation of physical theories' |
| 3 | 02 Feb 2021 | Symmetry, duality and gauge | Martens and Read (2020) "Sophistry about symmetries?". Option further reading: Witten (2017) "Symmetry and emergence" |
| 4 | 09 Feb 2021 | QFT and CPT | Swanson (2017) A philosopher's guide to the foundations of quantum field theory and the (short) review, Swanson (2018) Review of Jonathan Bain's CPT Invariance and the Spin-Statistics Connection |
| 5 | 16 Feb 2021 | Caulton on Symmetry and Gauge | Caulton (2015) On the role of symmetry in the interpretation of physical theories |
| 6 | 23 Feb 2021 | Misfiring arrows of time | Roberts, Chapter 5 |
| 7 | 02 Mar 2021 | Are Rindler quanta real? | Clifton and Halvorson (2001) Are Rindler quanta real? Inequivalent particle concepts in quantum field theory, and/or Buchholz and Verch, Unruh versus Tolman: on the heat of acceleration. Supporting handout: Bryan and Jeremy handout on the Unruh effect. |
| 8 | 09 Mar 2021 | CPT reversal: The weak and strong arrows | Roberts Chapter 6 |
| 9 | 09 Mar 2021 | More on CPT + Unruh Redux | Roberts Chapter 6 (updated with some minor edits) plus any final discussion on the Unruh effect. |
In this seminar we read the manuscript of Neil Dewar's book, Structure and Equivalence, which has since been published in Cambridge University Press's Elements: See here for access options. We will then began the manuscript by Bryan Roberts on Reversing Time's Arrow, which is now published Open Access through Cambridge University Press.
| Wk | Date | Topic | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13 Oct 2020 | Introduction and Overview | No Reading! |
| 2 | 20 Oct 2020 | Logic: Models, theories, and Ramsey sentences | Dewar Part 1 |
| 3 | 27 Oct 2020 | Newtonian Mechanics | Dewar Part 2 |
| 4 | 03 Nov 2020 | Electromagnetism | Dewar Part 3 |
| 5 | 10 Nov 2020 | Categories and Theories | Dewar Part 4 and Appendices/Bibliography |
| 6 | 17 Nov 2020 | A brief history of time reversal | Roberts Chapter 1, Time reversal and time's arrow |
| 7 | 24 Nov 2020 | What time reversal means | Roberts Chapter 2, What time reversal means |
| 8 | 01 Dec 2020 | Time reversal in physical theory | Roberts Chapter 3, Time reversal in physical theory |
This seminar, like fine wine with fine dining, paired a classic paper 🍷 in philosophy of spacetime with a chapter 🍔 from Klaas Landsman's book on the foundations of general relativity, when it was still in draft form. Participants were welcomed to read just one or the other, depending on their interests, or both! Following this seminar, the manuscript was published Open Access by Radboud University Press as: Foundations of General Relativity: From Einstein to Black Holes.
| Wk | Date | Topic | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 Aug, 16:30 BST | Einstein's philosophy of space, time and geometry | 🍔 Landsman Chapter 1 paired with 🍷 Einstein (1921), "Geometry and Experience" Notable further reading: Norton (1993), "General covariance and the foundations of general relativity: eight decades of dispute"; Lehmkuhl (2014), "Why Einstein did not believe that general relativity geometrizes gravity"; and Janssen and Renn (2015), "Arch and scaffold: How Einstein found his field equations". |
| 2 | 18 Aug, 16:30 BST | The spacetime manifold | 🍕 Landsman Chapter 2 paired with 🍷 Riemann (1854) "On the Hypotheses, Which Lie at the Basis of Geometry" Notable recent work: Manchak (2016), "Epistemic 'holes' in space-time" and Doboszewski (2019), "Epistemic Holes and Determinism in Classical General Relativity". See also Roberts (unpublished) "Notes on holes" |
| 3 | 25 Aug, 16:30 BST | Physical geometry | 🍖 Landsman Chapter 3 paired with 🍷 Reichenbach (1958) "The problem of physical geometry", Chapter 1.3 of The Philosophy of Space and Time. Notable recent work: Weatherall and Manchak (2013), "The geometry of conventionality" and Pitts (2016) "Space–time philosophy reconstructed via massive Nordström scalar gravities? Laws vs. geometry, conventionality, and underdetermination". |
| 4 | 01 Sep, 16:30 BST | Curvature and underdetermination | 🍗 Landsman Chapter 4 paired with 🍷 Earman (1989) "Chapter 2: Classical space-times", in World enough and spacetime. Notable recent work: Knox (2011) "Newton–Cartan theory and teleparallel gravity: The force of a formulation" and Weatherall (2016) "Are Newtonian Gravitation and Geometrized Newtonian Gravitation Theoretically Equivalent?" |
| 5 | 08 Sep, 16:30 BST | Causal structure | 🥘 Landsman Chapter 5 paired with 🍷 Geroch (1977) Prediction in General Relativity. Notable extra reading: Manchak (2008) "Is prediction possible in general relativity" and reply, McCoy (2017) "Prediction in general relativity" |
| 6 | 15 Sep, 16:30 BST | Spacetime singularities | 🌮 Landsman Chapter 6 paired with 🍷 Earman (1995) Chapters 2. Notable extra reading: Geroch (1968) "What is a singularity in general relativity", Earman (1996) "Tolerance for spacetime singularities", Earman (1998) "The Penrose-Hawking Singularity Theorems: History and Implications and Curiel (1999) "The analysis of singular spacetimes" (see also Curiel's SEP article on singularities) |
| 7 | 22 Sep, 16:30 BST | Einstein's Equations and Cosmic Censorship | 🌭 Landsman Chapter 7 paired with 🍷 Earman (1995) Chapter 3 and Penrose (1979) "Singularities and time asymmetry". Further reading: Doboszewski (2017) "Hyperbolic spacetimes in classical general relativity: A philosophical survey" |
| 8 | 29 Sep, 16:30 BST | The problem of time | 🍝 Landsman Chapter 8 paired with 🍷 Butterfield and Gomes (manuscript), "Geometrodynamics as Functionalism about Time" |
| 9 | 06 Oct, 16:30 BST | Black Holes | 🥪 Landsman Chapter 9 paired with 🍷 Curiel (2019) "The many definitions of a black hole" |
| Wk | Date | Topic | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 04 Aug, 16:30 BST | Healey on Gauge, Part 2 | Sections 4.4 + 4.5 of Healey's (2007) book. Optional: Read the whole chapter! |
| 1 | 28 Jul, 16:30 BST | Healey on Gauge, Part 1 | Sections 4.1 + 4.2.1 of Healey's (2007) book |
| Wk | Date | Topic | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 | 20 Jul, 16:30 BST | Final Redux | Reviews of Halvorson (2019), whichever you would like to read: Andreas, Davey, Dewar, van Fraassen, Weatherall. |
| 7 | 13 Jul, 16:30 BST | Reviews of Logic in Philosophy of Science | Reviews of Halvorson (2019), whichever you would like to read: Andreas, Davey, Dewar, van Fraassen, Weatherall. |
| 6 | 06 Jul, 16:30 BST | More Logic in Philosophy of Science | Halvorson (2019) Chapter 8 (Whatever sections you like. Optional, encouraged: read all!) |
| 5 | 30 Jun, 16:30 BST | More Logic in Philosophy of Science | Halvorson (2019) Chapter 7 (Whatever sections you like. Optional, encouraged: read all!) |
| 4 | 23 Jun, 16:30 BST | More Logic in Philosophy of Science | Halvorson (2019) Chapters 5-6 (Whatever sections you like. Optional, encouraged: read all!) |
| 3 | 16 Jun, 16:30 BST | More Logic in Philosophy of Science | Halvorson (2019) Chapters 3-4 Sections 3.6-3.7 and Sections 4.4-4.6 (Optional, encouraged: Read the whole chapters!) |
| 2 | 09 Jun, 16:30 BST | Problem of time redux | This meeting wraps up loose threads and offers more open discussion of our 26 May reading on Gryb and Thébault (2016). Optional further reading: Gryb and Thébault (2015) "Time remains". |
| 1 | 02 Jun, 16:30 BST | The Logic in Philosophy of Science | Halvorson (2019) Chapter 1 of The logic in philosophy of science, Cambridge University Press, with optional Chapter 2 and Chapter 3; see also the bibliography - With special guest Hans Halvorson. His recommendation: Focus on pgs.1-18 and pgs.24-27; Chapter 2 can be skipped; then skim Chapter 3. |
| Wk | Date | Topic | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 | 26 May, 16:30 BST | The hole argument and the problem of time | Gryb and Thébault (2016), "Regarding the hole argument and the problem of time" - With special guest Sean Gryb (Bonus: Sean's slides and Klaas' slides). |
| 7 | 19 May,, 16:30 BST | Belot on Symmetry and Equivalence | Belot (2013) "Symmetry and Equivalence", in The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Physics, Batterman (Ed.), OUP., Bryan to present |
| 6 | 12 May, 16:30 BST | Belot on counting possibilities - wrap-up | Belot (2016), "Fifty million Elvis fans can't be wrong" |
| 5 | 05 May, 16:00 BST | Belot on counting possibilities in space and time: physics | Belot (2016), "Fifty million Elvis fans can't be wrong", Section 4 to End (Henrique presents) - With special guest Gordon Belot. |
| 4 | 28 Apr, 16:00 BST | Belot on counting possibilities in space and time | Belot (2016), "Fifty million Elvis fans can't be wrong", through Section 3 (Bryan presents) |
| 3 | 21 Apr, 16:00 BST | Belot on Symmetry and Gauge Freedom | Belot (2003), "Symmetry and gauge freedom" (Jeremy to present - handout) |
| 2 | 14 Apr, 16:00 BST | Belot on Symmetries | Belot (2003), "Notes on Symmetries", in Brading and Castellani, Symmetries in Physics: Philosophical Reflections, Cambridge University Press. (Jeremy handout) |
| 1 | 7 Apr, 16:00 BST | Belot on Gauge | Belot (1998), "Understanding Electromagnetism" (Jeremy to present - handout) |
